Prepare the pears: Peel the pears carefully, leaving the stems on. Trim the bottoms so they stand upright if needed.
Make the poaching liquid: In a large saucepan, combine red wine, sugar, cinnamon stick, cloves, star anise, and citrus peels. Heat gently until sugar dissolves.
Poach the pears: Place pears in the simmering wine. Lower heat to maintain a gentle simmer, cover partially, and cook for 20–30 minutes. Turn pears occasionally. Test with a knife—they should be tender but hold shape.
Reduce the sauce: Remove pears. Increase heat to medium-high and simmer the poaching liquid until it becomes a thick, glossy red wine reduction (10–15 minutes).
Serve: Place each pear on a plate, drizzle with sauce, and add a dollop of whipped cream, mascarpone, or chocolate sauce.