Add the flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt to a 12 oz / 350 ml microwave-safe mug. Whisk with a fork until no lumps remain.
Pour in the milk, oil, and vanilla extract. Whisk again for about 30 seconds until the batter is smooth with no dry streaks.
Scrape down the sides of the mug with a rubber spatula so every bit of batter cooks evenly.
If using, drop the chocolate chips on top of the batter and give one light stir to settle them in.
Microwave on high (1000 W) for 60 to 90 seconds. Check at 60 seconds, the cake is done when the top looks just set and springs back when touched lightly.
Let the mug cake rest for 1 minute on the counter, it keeps cooking from residual heat and firms up as it sits.
Serve warm, straight from the mug, with a small spoon.